LIMON MEVASI TARKIBIDAGI BIOLOGIK FAOL MODDALARNING ANTIOKSIDANTLIK FAOLLIGINI ANIQLASH OF ANTIOXIDANTIC ACTIVITY OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE

Ushbu maqolada O’zbekistonda ekiladigan limonning Meyer navini mevasining ichki qismi va uning po’stlog’ning tarkibidagi biologik faol moddalarning kimyoviy tarkiblari, shifobaxshlik xususiyatlari, xamda xalq tabobatida qo’llanilishi va biologik faolligini aniqlash maqsadida adrenalinning in vitro sharoitida autooksidlanish metodi yordamida limonning antioksidantlik faolligini aniqlandi.

Introduction. The beneficial properties of lemon peel have been known since ancient times and have been used in folk medicine for many years as a healing tool to help improve heart and intestinal function. Lemon peel can improve heart function. 80% of lemon peel is water. The remaining 20% contains large amounts of beneficial minerals, fats and vitamins. Lemon peel contains micro-and macronutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, selenium, sodium, zinc, high fatty acids such as palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic and vitamins E, C, B group [1].
Lemon fruit was found to contain 5.96% ascorbic acid and 18.43% peel, as well as up to 9% pyridoxine. Although the amount of pectin in the juicy fruit of the lemon is very high, in the peel it is 4 times higher.
Lemon does not contain starch, 100 g of juicy fruit contains 0.4 g of sucrose. The content of purine bases in 100 g of juicy fruit is 6.7% of the daily norm. The amount of oxalic acid is 83 mg, which is 20.8% of its maximum daily intake [2].
Lemon peel has beneficial properties for the body, such as weight loss, improvement of the cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract, strengthening the immune system [1,2].
When lemon peel is consumed, the human body is cleansed of toxins. It provides the production of enzymes that accelerate the digestion and absorption of food in the stomach and intestines. It prevents constipation due to its high fiber content. It has an antiseptic effect and kills harmful microbes that irritate the stomach and cause inflammation. In addition, the high content of vitamin C in lemon peel helps to get rid of colds. It strengthens the immune system in autumn and spring. Frequent use of lemon peel protects the body from colds [1].
Lemon also contains the coloring substance gesperedine. This natural flavanoid is present in lemon peel and has very healing properties. When gesperidine is used in combination with diosmin, blood circulation in the body is improved. The use of this complex is well effective in the treatment of chronic varicose veins and chronic hemorrhoids.

Limonen
Tsitral Sabinen Citronellol The above substances determine the healing properties of lemon. Lemon lowers blood cholesterol levels and prevents hair loss. Helps the liver and gallbladder work well. Promotes the formation of complete leukocytes in the fight against viral and infectious diseases.
It is well known that the aroma of lemon is not only pleasing to people but also healing. In folk medicine, lemon is used in high blood pressure, gastrointestinal diseases, gout, atherosclerosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, respiratory infections, hepatitis, hemorrhoids, urinary tract stones, lowering body temperature, treatment of bodily diseases [2,4].
The amount of calcium in lemon peel is almost the same as ascorbic acid, which helps strengthen bones and teeth. When teeth are brushed with lemon peel, they turn white. Lemon peel is involved in the prevention of osteoporosis, arthritis, osteoarthritis and other bone diseases. Improves oral hygiene, kills harmful bacteria that cause dental disease. Treats mechanical injuries such as cracks, scratches, small wounds in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Lemon peel is used as a prophylactic measure in the development of stomatitis, gingivitis, periodontitis and other diseases [5,6].
The presence of certain chemical elements in the composition of lemon peel leads to a decrease in blood sugar. Lemon peel is allowed to be used for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Such patients are recommended to consume one tablespoon of lemon peel once a day after breakfast [7].
Vitamin C in lemon peel accelerates metabolic processes in the body. It accelerates the breakdown of stored fats in the body and ensures the elimination of harmful toxins from the body. Many beverages used for weight loss use products extracted from lemon peel [6,7].
Part of the experience. Antioxidant activity of lemons L1 (Meyer's fruit), L2 (Meyer's fruit peel), L3 (Uzbek fruit peel) and L4 (Uzbek fruit peel) and their samples in 70% alcohol and 96% alcohol was determined by phytochemical activity. The antioxidant activity of lemon is determined by the inhibition of the autooxidation reaction of adrenaline in vitro and prevents the formation of the free form of oxygen. The method is based on the inhibition of the autoxidation reaction of adrenaline, expressed in percent (%) due to the formation and autooxidation of adrenaline in the active form of oxygen over time in vitro.
Execution of work: 2.0 ml of 0.2 M sodium carbonate (Na2CO3-NaHCO3) buffer with pH = 10.65, 56 μl of 0.18% solution of adrenaline (epinephrine) hydrochloride were obtained. 30 μl of antioxidant preparation (lemon) was added and tested on a 347 nm wavelength spectrophotometer (Cary 60 UV-Vis Agilet Technologies) at intervals of 30 seconds to 10 minutes. The amount tested (concentration 1 ml of solution in 1 ml) was used as standard. 2.0 ml of 0.2 M buffer and 0.18% 56 μl (5.46 mM) of adrenaline were used as controls.
Antioxidant activity was calculated by the following formula for inhibiting the autooxidation of adrenaline.
When the antioxidant activity of the drugs was determined by the inhibition of the autooxidation reaction of adrenaline in vitro, the samples inhibited the formation of the free form of oxygen. All samples were compared with standard antioxidant quercetin and glyclazide antioxidants. The results showed that the drugs have antioxidant properties. Conclusions The biologically active substances in the inner part and peel of the Meyer variety of lemon grown in Uzbekistan were analyzed from the literature and the antioxidant activity of lemon was determined using the method of autooxidation of adrenaline in vitro. It was found that lemons have higher antioxidant properties in the skin than in the fruit. It was also found that lemon has a higher antioxidant properties in a solution of 70% and 96% alcohol than aqueous extracts of its peel from the inside of the fruit.
The chemical composition and natural medicinal properties of lemons, biological and nutritional properties of lemons, nutrients and chemical composition of lemons, specific components of lemons and their use in folk medicine have been extensively analyzed in the scientific literature. As a result, it was found appropriate to conduct research on the creation of food additives based on lemon peel.